New Brunswick is
Canada's only officially bilingual province.
About 33% of the population is francophone.
In 1604, French explorers created the first French colony.
The first British settlement in New Brunswick was
established in 1762.
The indigenous peoples of New Brunswick
include the Mi'kmaq (Micmac), Passamaquoddy (Panwapskewiyik),
and Maliseet (or Wolastoqiyik "people of the good river").
In 1867, under
the terms of the British North America Act,
New Brunswick
joined with Nova Scotia,
Lower Canada
(Quebec),
and Upper Canada
(Ontario) to form the
Dominion of Canada.
The province's name comes from the English translation of
'Braunschweig', a city in Germany.
New Brunswick covers 73,440 km² in roughly a
rectangle shape about 242 km (150 miles)
from east to west and 322 km (200 miles) north to south.
The northern regions are dominated by
the Appalachian Range, some of the oldest mountains on the planet.
New Brunswick is bordered on the
north by Quebec and the Chaleur Bay.
Along the east coast, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and
Northumberland Strait
form the boundaries.
In the south~east corner of the province,
the Isthmus of Chignecto connects New Brunswick
to Nova Scotia.
The south is bounded by the Bay of Fundy.
The west borders the American state of Maine.
New Brunswick has a parliamentary form of government.
The lieutenant governor
is appointed by the Canadian federal government,
as the nominal head of state.
Actual power, however, is held by the premier (usually the leader
of the majority party in the elected legislative assembly).
The premier selects executive council, or cabinet ministers,
from among the other elected members of the legislature.
For more detailed information, contact the New Brunswick Provincial Government.
WEATHER
No part of New Brunswick lies more
than 200 kilometers from the ocean.
Despite the moderating influence of such a large open body of water,
the province’s climate varies greatly.
The northern half of New Brunswick has a continental climate,
with cold winters and warm summers.
The southern half has a more moderate maritime climate,
with milder winters and slightly cooler summers.
The average annual temperature ranges from 2.8°C (37°F)
in the north to 5°C (41°F) in the south.
Extreme temperatures have ranged from -47.2°C (-53°F),
to 39.4°C (102.9°F).
The average annual precipitation ranges from 889 mm (35 in)
in the north to 1143 mm (45 in) in the south.
Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year.
Winter storms frequently bring rain to the Fundy coast and
snow to the interior.
During the winter, cold air, largely unaltered,
frequently flows across New Brunswick from the centre of North America,
and most storms affecting the province originate over the
Pacific Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico.
However, moist Atlantic Ocean air can generate mild spells
in winter and periods of cool weather in summer.
During most of the summer, the predominant air mass is warm, with
occasional incursions of hot, humid air from the Gulf of Mexico.
Fog is common in the spring and early summer along the Bay of Fundy coastline.
ECONOMY
Since its earliest settlement, the New Brunswick economy has been
closely tied to its natural resources.
Forestry products (including manufactured items)
have been New Brunswick's economic mainstay throughout its history.
About 85% of New Brunswick's total area (72,908 km²) is productive forest.
In the last 20 years, aquaculture has become a significant contributor
and vital component of the provincial economy.
More than 7000 fishermen and 8000 plant workers make
New Brunswick a leader
in the commercial and processing fisheries sectors.
A thriving salmon aquaculture industry combined with growing expertise
in the culture of molluscs, sturgeon and other aquatic species ensures
New Brunswick's position as
the aquaculture leader in Atlantic Canada.
New Brunswick has a
well~established shellfish industry,
producing lobster, scallops, king crab, mussels and oysters on the eastern coast.
New Brunswick enjoys one of
the highest levels of value~added
processing in Canada.
Potatoes, dairy products, eggs and poultry
account for more than 60% of the total farm income.
While fishing and agriculture have declined in significance,
mineral production has increased dramatically.
New Brunswick is blessed with a variety
of rich mineral deposits.
The minerals and commodities contributing to this wealth include metals
(antimony, bismuth, cadmium, copper, gold, lead, silver, and zinc);
non~metals (marl, peat moss, potash, silica, salt, and sulphur);
fuels (oil, natural gas and coal);
and structural materials (lime, sand, gravel, and stone).
The information and communications technology sector is now
the 2nd~largest sector in the province,
with broadband access in 100% of its institutions and
more than 90% of homes and businesses.
New Brunswick's urban areas have modern, service~based economies dominated
by the health~care, educational, retail, finance, insurance,
and transport sectors.
The economy of Fredericton is dependant upon
the government,
military and university sectors.
Canada's largest military base is located in Oromocto,
near Fredericton.
Moncton is a developed commercial, retail, transportation,
and distribution centre with important rail and air terminal facilities.
The growth of service industries and specialized manufacturing has given
New Brunswick a wider employment base
than ever before.
The New Brunswick Community Business Development Corporations
are a network of autonomous, non~profit companies working to
meet the needs of small business.
There are 10 such Corporations in New Brunswick.
dedicated to the development of
small business and job creation in their own local communities.
They assist in the creation of small businesses
and in the expansion and modernization of
existing businesses by providing financial
and technical services to entrepreneurs.
SCHOOLS
Serving Canada's only officially bilingual province,
New Brunswick's education system
offers students the opportunity to learn in both French and English
through 2 parallel but separate education systems.
The New Brunswick Department of Education
has responsibility for public
education (kindergarten through Grade 12).
Their mission: To have each student develop the attributes
needed to be a lifelong learner, to achieve personal fulfillment
and to contribute to a productive, just and democratic society.
The Provincial Minister of Education prescribes curriculum and establishes
educational goals and standards.
The Department of Education is dedicated to
providing the best public education system possible,
where all students have a chance to achieve their academic best
and where parents are involved in their children's learning process.
The public education system has 14 school districts (5 French and 9 English).
District Education Councils, consisting of elected members,
are responsible for establishing the direction and priorities
for the school district and for making decisions as to how
the districts and schools are operated.
New Brunswick is home
to 4 public universities which offer
a wide variety of educational programs.
The University of New Brunswick is the oldest English~language university
in Canada.
New Brunswick is currently one of the most
internet~connected jurisdictions in the world,
with broadband access in 100% of its schools.
This makes the province a world leader in e~learning development and implementation.
More than 2 million people around the world have taken on~line courses
and advanced training offered by New Brunswick's public
and private e~learning providers.
For more details please contact the
New Brunswick Department of Education.
HOSPITALITY
You will be fascinated by the fragile beauty of coastal dunes…
or inspired by The Appalachians!
Climb the highest peak in the Maritimes, or
visit national and provincial parks.
Take a scenic drive to New Brunswick's world~famous salmon fishing river or
to one of our preserved eco~tourism spots.
New Brunswick offers everything from warm saltwater
beaches to a preserved history and a colourful culture. You can enjoy many activities
here including whale~watching, bird~watching, or even walking on the ocean floor.
Here, the world's highest tides rise and fall the height of a 4~storey building, twice a day, every day.
At the end of day you may choose
to rest your soul at one of the many cozy accommodations nestled in the quiet corners
of the province, or lay back in the lap of luxury in a 5~star hotel
in a city centres.
Come to New Brunswick and enjoy an adventure!
For more details please contact
New Brunswick Tourism.
NEWS
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